Oil burner electric igniter



Nov. 17, 1953 A; JUDSON OIL BURNER ELECTRIC IGNITER 4 Sheets-Sheet FiledJuly 17, 1950 INVENTOR- A lber'z L.

Judson Nov. 17, 1953 A. L. JUDSON on. BURNER ELECTRIC IGNITER 4Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed July 17, 19 50 ,INVENTOR. Albert L. %w4,.'.., 166.21:;

Jud son Nov. 17, 1953 A. L. JUDSON 2,659,428 on. BURNER ELECTRIC IGNITERFiled July 17, 1950 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 g $9 WWII Kg:

- INVENTOR.

A [be-I"? L. Judson BY Nov. 17, 1953 A. L. JUDSON 2,659,428 OIL BURNERELECTRIC IGNITER Filed July 17, 1950 iZll/II/l I INVENTOR- Albert L.Judson Patented Nov. 17,1953

2,659,428 OIL BURNER ELECTRIC IGNITER Albert L. Judson, Portland,

Fireman Manufacturin Oreg., a corporation of 8 Claims.

My present invention comprises a combined oil inlet and igniter for avaporizing oil burner of the type comprising an open receptacle havingmeans for admitting oil and combustion-supporting air thereinto.

A principal object of the present invention is to provide an oil inletand electrical igniter in which an air valve is provided under controlof thermostatic means, the valve being so operated as to be open at alltimes except when it is desired to snuii out the pilot flame afterignition should have occurred in the burner receptacle.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a device of thecharacter described embodying a wick element associated with aresistance igniter, in which the resistance igniter and associated wickare located in one side of a well rising from the oil inlet body inorder to permit the use of a cleaning tool which sometimes must be usedto dislodge carbon deposits within the burner adjacent the oil inletopening.

A further object of the present invention is to provide an oil inlet andigniter of the character described adapted for use with means to preventoperation of the igniter when the burner receptacle is too hot safely toreceive a fresh supply of fuel oil.

A further object of the present invention is to provide an oil inlet andigniter in which means are incorporated to admit pilot flamecombustionsupporting air when a pilot flame is being kindled,temporarily to arrest the admission of air after the pilot flame hasburned a short while whereby to snuff out the pilot flame, andthereafter to readmit air to the interior of the oil inlet and igniterto assure the scouring of combustion products from the region of theigniter during normal operation of the burner.

A further object of the present invention is to provide an oil inlet andigniter of the character described in which a thermostatic element foroperating the air valve is associated with electrical resistance heatingmeans for assuring rapid, positive action of the valve. A further objectof the present invention is to provide a combined oil burner and ignitertherefor in which means are provided to direct a pilot flame against theportion of the burner receptacle onto which the oil flows whereby toexpedite ignition in the receptacle.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a constructionof the foregoing character in which a minimum number of inexpensive,simplified and sturdy parts are incorporated.

' The foregoing and other objects and advang Company, Oregon ApplicationJuly 17, 1950,

reg., assignor to Iron Portland,

Serial No. 174,265

tages of the present invention will be more readily ascertained byinspection of the following speci fication taken in connection with theaccompanylike numerals refer to like parts throughout, while thefeatures of novelty will be more distinctly pointed out in the ap pendedclaims.

In the drawing, Fig. 1 is a view in perspective, with parts broken away,illustrating a form of the present invention associated with a typicaloil burner appliance and control means therefor;

Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the form of the invention illustrated inFig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a left side elevation of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a right side elevation of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a horizontal section taken substantially along line 55 of Fig.4;

Fig. 6 is a section, on an enlarged scale, taken substantially alongline 66 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 7 is a vertical section taken substantially along line 1-1 of Fig.5;

Fig. 8 is a section taken substantially along line 8--8 of Fig. 6, withthe parts illustrated in a different phase of operation;

Fig. 9 is a view present invention, taken substantially along line |0-Hlof Fig. 1;

Fig. 11 is a vertical section taken substantially along line HH of Fig.2;

Fig. 12 is a view similar to Fig. 5 of a modified form of oil inlet andigniter body;

Fig. 13 is a partial section through a burner receptacle and a portionof a modified form of oil inlet body associated therewith;

Fig. 14 is a View in perspective, with parts broken away, of anappliance having an automatic control circuit associated therewith and amodified form of air valve operating mechanism associated with the oilinlet and igniter; and

Fig. 15 is a view in perspective, with parts broken away, illustrating amodified form of igniter re sistance element.

Referring to Figs. 1 tion is illustrated in association with an oilburning appliance including a jacket I0 having a heat exchanger Hmounted therein, the lower end of the heat exchanger being associated inthe usual manner with a typical vaporizing burner receptacle l2 having aplurality of air inlet openings I3 in the vertical walls thereof. Aninternally threaded collar 14 is welded to the side wall of the burnerreceptacle surrounding an oil to 11 inclusive, the inveninlet openingtherein to provide means for association with the burner of a combinedoil inlet and igniter l comprising the present invention. As hereinillustrated, oil is admitted to the interior of the member through anelbow l6 and an associated oil supply conduit l1 leading from a floatvalve device I8 of conventional type, the float valve device beingsupplied with oil from any suitable source of supply through a supplyconduit is. The oil float valve may be any of a number of commerciallyavailable types which permit the flow of a regulated quantity of oiltherefrom when opened, and which maybe closed to prevent further supplyof oil. when. desired,.the float device in accordance with usual.practice preventing the admission of oil into the receptacle to thelevel of the lowermost row of air inlet openings l3. In Fig. 1 it isseen that a transformer may be suitably mounted on the appliance, thetransformer being connected by wires 2t to the resistance element of theigniter, to be described later, and to a manual starter button indicatedat 22 by means of a pair of wires 23, one of which may be broken toprovide means for connecting the appliance to a source of current as bymeansof a plug-in connector 24.

The inlet and igniter 15 comprises an elongated. hollow body portion 25having a threaded inner end adapted to be screwed into the inlet collarl4. The body 25 provides an oil conduit 23 leading. from the oil supplytube to the interior of the burner receptacle. Oil is admitted to theinterior of the body through a lateral openinf, 21 extending outwardlythrough a hexagonal boss 28 on the side of the body, the interior.of'the boss being threaded for reception of the elbow l6. Forconvenience the opposite side of the body may be provided with a similarhexagonal boss 23 in order that the oil inlet conduit may be connectedto. either side, the unused opening to be closed as by means of aremovableplug. 30. The front of the body is provided with a hexagonalboss 3| in which is mounted a plug. 32, the. plug. being in line withthe collar l4 so that a rod may be driven through the body to removecarbon deposits which may accumulate in the burner. adjacent the inlet.The conduit 26 is of such size that the oil remains at a low leveltherein,. there being a constantly open. flame passage provided by theupper portion of the conduit.

The intermediate portion of the burner body comprises an openwellextending upwardly from the cylindrical bod portion 25, the wellpreferably being rectangular in cross-section and comprising a rear wall33, a right side wall 34; a front wall 35, and a left sidev wal 36. Thewalls terminate at a. common level and are machined so that a. closureplate 31' may provide an airtight, cover. for the well. The plate isattached by means of a screw 38 threaded into a boss 39 on. the. sidewall 34, a second screw 40. threaded into a. boss 4! on the. sidewall36,. and a third screw 42. threaded into. a. boss 43 on. acentral,vertical portion of a partition. 44. The partition 44 extends from thelower surface of. the closure plate 31 downward. to. an intermediatelevel and is there joinedby a horizontal portion 45 extending to theright side wall 34, the partition closing off an upper portion of thewell to provide an air inlet chamber. An air outlet opening 46 isprovided in the portion 45, preferably near the rear wall 33, so thatair passing through the opening 46 sweeps around the corner between therear wall 33 and the cylindrical portion 25 in passing into the burnerreceptacle, thereby leaving the major portion of the lower part of thewell in relatively quiescent condition. A pair of small openings 41 areprovided about midway of the vertical portion of the partition 44 sothat a small supply of air, insufficient for complete combustion of thevaporized fuel may be drawn into the left portion of the well wheneverthe air inlet opening 48 in the front wall 35 is open. The opening 48 isopen, as will presently appear, whenever a resistance element 50 isenergized to ignite a pilot flame.

The resistance element is in the form of a bail upon which is supporteda porous, capillary wick member 54 preferably made of sintered metal asdescribed and claimed in application Serial No. 11.7,6'11, now PatentNo. 2,520,159, issued August 29, 1950. In the present invention the endsof the passage 52 in the wick through which the resistance elementextends are enlarged, the passage comprising a restricted centralportion of larger diameter than the diameter of the resistance wire 50,and the outer ends of the passage being countersunk to provide widelyflaring mouths whereby a large amount of combustionsupporting air mayreach the ends of the relatively quiescent zone provided by therestricted area of the passage in which the. resistance element contactsthe wick member. The wick member is longer than the distance between thesupporting hail of resistance wire and the bottom of the well so as toinsure contact of the wick member by the first oil to enter thedevice.The bottom of the wick member is preferably rounded and. the innersurface of the lower portion of the side wall 36 is preferably roundedtoward the central portion of the well so that when the wick is beinglowered into position it will be caused to swing laterally and permitassembly of the closure plate. The lower end of the wick member isdirectlyin front of the inlet opening 21 so that oil flowing intothebody 25 rapidly contacts the porous wick. Some of the oil is bypassedor diverted by the capillary passages of the wick and caused to travelupwardly into proximity with the resistance element by which it isvaporized and ignited whereby an oil rich pilot flame is initiated, theflame first occurring in the relatively quiescent passage 52, thenspreading from both ends thereof across the surface of the wick andvaporizing and igniting some of the oil flowing through the passage 26.The pilot flame is swept into the burner receptacle along the surface ofthe inwardly flowing oil in a blowtorch fashion by the stream of airpassing. through the openings 46 and 48. It is to be appreciated thatthe amount of oil which will flow through the passage 26 would not fillthe passage 26 beyond a small fraction-of its internal height so thatthere is always free space for the passage of pilot flame supporting.air through the upper portion of the passage 26. When the air inletopening 43 is closed air cannot reach the interior of the well. and thepassage 26 so that the pilot flame will be, snuffed out. Thereafter ifthe opening 48is again opened a stream of scouring air will pass throughthe opening 46 to prevent flame from creeping back into the passage 26,to prevent corrosive products of combustion from reaching the wick orthe resistance element, and to prevent the deposit of soot by backdraftsinto the passage 26. The openings 41 likewise function to scour productsof combustion from the left portion of the well.

The opening 48 is surrounded at its outer end by a concentriccountersink 55, the bottom of the countersunk area providing a valveseat for reception of a valve 56 having a flat inner surface and aconical outer surface, the valve being mounted on a ing portion 50 isprovided with an annular groove into which is slipped a hairpin retainer62 which holds a loosely mounted disc 53 on the portion 6t between themounting spring ti and the outer end of the mounting portion. Themounting spring is in the form of an elongated plate having squared endswhich are retained in the transversely hooked ends $4 of spring 66, theends of the mounting spring 6! having central tongues 55 passing throughcentral openings in the portions 55. The bight of the tensioning spring66 is normally flexed in wardly from a plane surface but may be stressedtoward a plane surface so as to adjust the inward pressure of theportions 54 whereby to regulate the force tending to bow the mountingThe tensioning spring is is mounted upon a bracket plate It by alimiting screw 1| passing through a central opening in the spring and athreaded opening in the center of the mounting bracket it, and thetension thereof may be regulated by a nut 72. The limiting screw H has afiat head '53 projecting toward the outer end of the reduced portion 69of the valve stem, the position of the head 13 being adjustable to limitthe extent to which the valve stem 74 bearing against the outer surfaceof the mounting bracket 70. In order to retain the tensioning spring 66in proper position it is provided with a pair of dimples 15 whichproject into locating openings 75 in the mounting bracket 70.

The mounting bracket it! is retained at the free end of a bimetallicvalve actuator 80 by rivets 8|. The relatively fixed end of thebimetallic element is bent reversely and a pair of mounting screws 82are passed through both arms thereof and screwed into a boss 8 3 on thelower portion of the side wall 36. The bimetallic actuator 8!] isarranged so that the long actuating arm thereof is normally stressedtoward the front wall 35, the effective portion of the bimetallicelement at extending diagonally upward across the front of the well andbeing thereby shielded from heat radiating from the burner receptaclefit of fibrous insulating material is retained against the outer surfaceof the bimetallic element by the screws 82 and shields the bimetallicelement against the effect of heat radiated from the jacket Wall orcirculating air.

A plurality of spacer rivets 85 mount a plurality of dielectric sheetsupon the inner surface of the eifective portion of the bimetallicelement 86, there being a first sheet 86 mounted a U-shaped tensioningagainst the inner surface 01 the bimetallic element, a second sheet 87mounted on the intermediate portions of the rivets, and a third sheet 88at the ends of the rivets. The intermediate sheet 81 has itslongitudinal circuiting with each other, and the two other sheets 86 and83 provide a sandwich insulating shield to prevent contact of theresistance coil the combination. A

coil 93 is likewise energized.

The wires 2| and the ends of the igniter resistance element 53 areconnected to a pair of conductor rivets 92, which extend through aspaced pair of insulator plates 93 closing an opening in the closureplate 37, the lip of the opening 9 3 being depressed so as to provide acountersink in which the outer insulator plate 93 is firmly seated. Theouter ends of the conductor rivets 92 are provided with cars 95 to Whichthe conductor wires 9| are attached.

In Figs. 1 and 10 there is illustrated a manual starter buttonrepresentative of a type of device of desirable utility in connectionwith the presing surface and having an outwardly opening,

providing a socket. mounted an enclosed spring The button supports a bar[lit at its inner extremity which is provided with a pair of inwardlyprojecting abutments carries a pair of contacts I08 adapted to engage afixed pair of contacts constituting the terminals of the wires 28. Asmall heater coil I09 is mounted beneath the disc I93 with one ter- Oeration hen o l i caused to flow th o gh the in et a .rtion theme! is veted upwardly throu h the oaplllarities of the wick into proximity withthe resistance element 50. .At this time the igniter is cold a d th b ml el me t 8 is flex d ward the wall that the extremities of thestressing spring 66 rest against the outer surface of the wall 35. Inreaching this position the inner surface of the valve 56 has engaged thebottom of the countersink and the outer conical surface thereof hasforced the mounting spring 8| to travel beyond center and bow itselIoutwardly to the extent that the end of the portion engages the limitinghead I3 of the screw II. In this condition the valve 56 is spaced fromthe valve seat and the weight of the stem 51 causes it to cant to theposition illustrated in Fig. 6, thereby opening the air inlet 48 andpermitting the entry of pilot flame combustion supporting air. As soonas the manual button I04 is depressed to snap the disc I03 intocontact-making position the resistance element 50 becomes hot, and in afew seconds will ignite some of the oil, whereupon a dame will commenceand will flow with the oil into the interior of the burner receptacle.At the same time the heater coils 90 and I08 are energized, the heatercoil 30 causing the bimetallic element to curl outwardly until the disc63 forces the mounting spring BI to snap inwardly from the positionshown in full outline in Fig. 8 to the position shown in dotted outlinein Fig. 8, this being due to the crossbar 58 engaging the inper surfaceof the wall 35. At this point the valve 56 is still spaced from thebottom of the countersink due to engagement of the edge of disc 63 withthe spring 6i and thereby limiting the amount of flexing of the springso that combustion-supporting air co tinues to flow through the igniterbody to support the pilot flame therein.

When the heater coil I09 has suificiently heated the snap disc I03 tocause it to spring outwardly the circuit is opened, therebyde-energizing the resistance element 50 and the heater coils and I09.The bimetallic element 80 thereupon moves inwardly from the positionillustrated in Fig. 8 to the position illustrated in Fig. 9, theinwardly bowed mounting spring BI engaging the outer surface of thevalve 56 to force it flat against the valve seat and close tinguishingthe pilot flame. The bimetallic element 80 thereupon cools to cause thevalve mechanism to return to the position illustrated in Fig. 6, thusrecocking the mounting spring BI and opening the air inlet opening 48 topermit air to scour the interior of the igniter body.

Flame deflector The inner end of the threaded portion of the body 25 ispreferably provided with a pair of horizontally extending, internalgrooves H0 in which is seated the inner end of a downwardly bentdeflector plate I I I by which the pilot flame is spread laterally anddeflected downwardly against the y bottom surface of the burnerreceptacle and caused to heat a localized area thereof in rapid order.vaporization of oil and initiation of combustion in the burnerreceptacle is thereby greatly expedited. As seen more clearly in Fig.12, the lateral edges of the plate III are preferably provided with apair of notches II2 into which small portions of the igniter body may bedisplaced to retain the deflector plate in position.

A modification of the deflector is illustrated in Fig. 13 wherein it isseen that a burner receptacle the air inlet 48, thereby ex- Modifiedwell construction In Fig. 12 there is illustrated portions of a modifiedigniter body comprising a cylindrical portion I25 and a well I26 aspreviously described, in which is mounted a resistance element I21supporting a wick member I28. The wick member and resistance element aremounted adjacent the inlet to the body so as to leave the cylindricalportion clear for passage of a cleaning tool when the plug I29 isremoved. The upper portion of the front wall of the well is providedwith an air inlet opening I30 with which may be associated a valve andvalve actuator as previously described. In this form of the inventionthe internal partitions have been eliminated since in many appliancesthe draft through the well would not be strong enough to disturb theoperation of the igniter.

Modified air valve actuator In Fig. 14 there is illustrated an oilburning appliance comprising a jacket I35 housing a heat exchanger I36and an associated oil burner receptacle I31 as previously described. Acombined oil inlet and igniter I30 is associated with the burnerreceptacle and is connected to an automatic float valve I33 inaccordance with standard practice. The igniter resistance element iscontrolled by a circuit including a manual switch I40, a thermostat I, acontroller M2, and a transformer I43. Combustion under forced draft isachieved by means of a blower I exhausting into a plenum chamber I45 inwhich the burner receptacle is mounted. Details of the control circuitare immaterial, this illustration being exemplary of automatic controlcircuits of many types with which burners of the type underconsideration having igniters of the present invention associatedtherewith may be arranged. The point of illustrating the control meansis to show that the igniter may be placed under control of a thermostatI II connected to the transformer I43 through a pair of wires I46extending from the control box I42 which embodies means to actuate thefloat valve and the blower. In such a circuit the igniter would not beenergized when warm air at the thermostat or heat reaching some otherportion of the control means would prevent reignltion under dangerousconditions.

Fig. 14 also illustrates a modification wherein the actuator comprises asimple bimetallic strip I" on which is mounted a valve I48 adapted toclose an air inlet opening in the front wall of the well. The bimetallicstrip is normally flexed to warp away from the ignited well so that theair inlet opening will be open when the pilot flame is ignited. As thepilot flame burns the wall of the well will become heated and radiateheat against the bimetallic strip, thereby causing it to warp toward thewall and close the air inlet opening, thus snufling out the pilot flame.The wall will thereupon become cool, permitting the bimetallic strip towarp outwardly whereby Modified igniter resistance element Fig. 15illustrates a burner receptacle I50 having a combined inlet and igniter15! associated therewith as previously described. A pair of Wires I52extend through the closure plate I53 and are connected at their innerextremities to a resistance element I54 having a lower transverseportion passing through the opening in the large source of radiant heatclosely adjacent the upper surface of the wick member. Such a largeheating element may be desirable in some cases, particularly in regionsof extremely low temperatures or in some appliances where high draftconditions exist, the high draft resulting in lowering the temperaturewithin the igniter body.

Having illustrated and described preferred embodiments of my invention,it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the inventionpermits of modification in arrangement and detail. I claim as myinvention all such modifications as come within the true spirit andscope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A combined oil inlet and igniter for a vaporizingoil burner of thetype comprising an open receptacle having an interior portion onto whichoil may flow to be evaporated by the heat of combustion, said receptaclealso comprising air inlet means for continuously admitting air to mixwith the evaporated oil and support combustion thereof, comprising ahollow member adapted to communicate with the interior of saidreceptacle, means for supplying oil to said receptacle through saidmember, electric igniting means mounted in said hollow member to ignitea pilot flame therein, said hollow member having an air inlet openingthereinto for the admission of combustion supporting air, a valveadapted to close said opening, a bimetallic actuator, a resistanceheater mounted adjacent said bimetallic actuator, means simultaneouslyto energize said igniting means and said resistance heater and meansconnecting said valve to said actuator comprising a spring assemblymovable to two overcenter positions whereby the relative position ofsaid valve with respect to said bimetallic actuator may be changed andmeans to efiect such movement upon heating and cooling of said actuatoras a result of energization and deenergization of said heater wherebymomentary closing of said valve is efiected subsequent to deenergizationof said heater.

2. A combined oil inlet and igniter for a vaporizing oil burner of thetype comprising an open receptacle having an interior portion onto whichoil may flow to be evaporated by the heat of combustion, said receptaclealso comprising air inlet means for continuously admitting air to mixwith the evaporated oil and support combustion thereof, comprising ahollow member adapted to communicate with the interior of saidreceptacle, means for supplying oil to said receptacle mounted on saidhollow member to ignite a pilot flame therein, said hollow member havingan air inlet opening thereinto for the admission of combustionsupporting air, a valve adapted to close said opening, a bimetallicactuator, a resistance heater mounted adjacent said bimetallic actuator,means adapting said resistance heater to be energized simultaneouslywith said electric ignitmentary closing of said valve is effectedsubsequent to deenergization of said heater.

8. An igniter for a vaporizing oil burner of the vaporized by the heatof combustion, said receptacle also comprising air inlet means forcontinuously admitting adapted for oil burning, a second receptacleadapted for oil burning, means adapted to supply oil for burning to saidreceptacles at a controlled rate, flame conduit ceptacle will bevaporized by said vaporizing and ignition means, mixed with said onepart of said combustion air and ignited and thereby generate heat tovaporize more of said oil to mix with the flame of said ignited mixture,then said oil rich flame will mix with said other part of said air toproject said resulting flame through said conduit into said firstreceptacle and ignite said oil supplied to said first receptacle.

5. The apparatus of claim 4 including a temperature actuated meansadapted to control the combustion air supply to said second receptaclecomprising a valve for said combustion air en trance means and a bimetaloperator for said valve.

6. The apparatus of claim 5 including an elec trio heating means forsaid operator and means adapting said electric heating means to beenergized whenever said electric ignition means is energized.

7. The apparatus of claim 6 including a two position over center springmeans interposed between said bimetallic operator and said valve wherebyas said electric heating means is energized and said spring is in thefirst of its two positions said valve will open to a maximum position,then said spring will move to its other position and said valve willtake a lesser position of opening, and as said heating means isdeenergized said valve will first move to its closed position then saidspring will move to its first position and said valve will standpartially open as said bimetallic operator approaches ambienttemperature.

8. A first receptacle adapted for oil burning a second receptacleadapted for oil burning, means adapted to supply oil for burning to saidreceptacles at a controlled rate, flame conduit means adapted to connectthe interiors of said two receptacles, means adapted to supplycombustion air to said first receptacle, means adapted to supplycombustion air to said second receptacle, a combined vaporizing andelectric ignition means 12 within said second receptacle, means adaptedto direct towards said combined vaporizing and elecpart of saidcombustion part of said combustion air being limited to an amount lessthan the air requirement tor complete combustion of the oil vaporized bythe operation of said combined vaporizing and electric ignition means,means adapted to direct toward! said flame conduit means another part ofsaid combustion air supplied to said second receptacle. means adapted ona call for heat to operate said oil supply means to supply oil to saidreceptacles, and means adapted on a call for heat to initiate theoperation at said combined vaporizing and electric ignition means,whereby on a call for heat oil will be supplied to both saidreceptacles, oil in said second receptacle will be vaporized by saidcombined vaporizing and electric ignition means and mixed with said onepart of said combustion air and ignited and thereby generate heat tovaporize more of said oil to mix with the flame of said ignited mixture,then said all rich flame will mix with said other part of said air topro ject said resulting flame through said conduit into said firstreceptacle and ignite said 011 supplied to said first receptacle.

ALBERT L JUDSON.

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